Centralized vs. Decentralized Methods in IT †Current Issues Research Paper

Incorporated versus Decentralized Methods in IT †Current Issues Research Paper Free Online Research Papers Incorporated versus Decentralized Methods in IT Current Issues Research Paper Centralization of data innovation assets alludes to sorting out all innovation related administrations into a solitary specialty unit that at that point offers types of assistance to the whole association. An incredible non-IT case of this training is the strategy where significant carriers incorporate their trips through center points. Rather than flying straightforwardly from each air terminal to each other one, the associations are incorporated through the center points to make things run all the more effectively. With the rush of data innovation that has flooded through the business world in the most recent decade or so incredible open doors for reevaluating the manner in which associations work is conceivable. Specifically, the old method of brought together authority has been seriously sabotaged. Not on the grounds that data innovation in itself has extraordinary worth yet rather innovation has took into account forceful out-of-the case thinking and technique moves toward that were once thought unthinkable. Decentralization then again gives singular specialty units the obligation regarding command over neighborhood IT assets with practically no thought of different units. Anyway there is an incentive in the various leveled dynamic structure that incorporated offers. With no assistance in organizing all innovation choices specialty units would some way or another need to manage all alone (or recruit another person to make for them). One of the most significant things that decentralization is empowering is the capacity for dynamic to be unquestionably more generally scattered in both enormous and little firms. With less expensive correspondence costs, a lot more individuals can settle on choices for themselves, since they have the data they need. Also, when more individuals settle on their very own greater amount choices, they are regularly progressively inventive, increasingly spurred, increasingly committed. This implies having a significant number of the financial advantages of huge as sociations without surrendering the human advantages like inspiration, innovativeness, and opportunity. The most essential examinations would differentiate the control, productivity, and economy of centralization with the adaptability, strengthening, administration level, and proficiency of decentralization in addressing business needs. A firm should analyze the arrangement between IT centralization and the requirement for data partaking in the association. In firms that utilization a progressive structure, IT administrations and their administration can be both concentrated with IT masters at the corporate level and decentralized with IT pros set in specialty units. Numerous specialists are presently offering mutual inside administrations models as another crossover method of unraveling the centralization vs.decentralization question. This model catches the economies of scale in centralization while keeping the help capacities concentrated on the specialty units. The cross breed models join brought together and decentralized ways to deal with IT conveyance, recommending that conventional sorts of collaboration between corporate IT and specialty units must exist. Examination Papers on Centralized versus Decentralized Methods in IT - Current Issues Research PaperOpen Architechture a white paperIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfPETSTEL examination of IndiaThe Project Managment Office SystemMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesResearch Process Part OneInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice

Research/ Detail Paper of the Religion of the Sunni Muslim People Research

/Detail of the Religion of the Sunni Muslim People - Research Paper Example Albeit a few parts of Islam exist, Sunni Muslims are the biggest by followership, representing around 80 percent of the world’s Muslim populace, trailed by the Shi’a at roughly 10 percent. As a part of Islam, the Sunni developed in the seventh century C.E. in the Middle East after differences emerged over who might succeed Prophet Muhammad. At the stature of the contradiction, the Sunni upheld for the choice of a replacement (additionally alluded to as caliph) by the whole Muslim people group, yet the Shi’a accepted that Ali, Muhammad’s child in-law and furthermore cousin, had been picked by the prophet to succeed him. This paper will inquire about explicit highlights and perspectives of the Sunni Muslim and portray their past, present and future. It will additionally feature their contentions and where they remain on the perspective and according to the US government and the Taliban. Now, notice that the characterizing conviction of the Taliban is Sunni I slam; in any case, their understanding and practice of Islam, including Sharia law and female fierceness, educated scholars’ choice to allude to them as fundamentalists or fanatics (Goodson, 2002). The term Sunni is gotten from the word Sunnah, which is an Arabic expression that converts into â€Å"the conventions of Prophet Muhammad†. The Sunni Muslims concur with the other Islamic branches on numerous functional and philosophical perspectives. This is on the grounds that Islamic life comes from and is characterized by Sharia (or Islamic) law. In any case, the territories that are one of a kind to Sunni Muslims and set them apart from the beginning incorporate the way that they created and developed from a debate; they don't concur with claims that a replacement was named by the prophet; they accepted that associates of the prophet had definitive initiative; and they depended on the accord of researchers and religion. All the more contemporarily is their commonplace a ccentuation of Allah’s force and how he decides human destiny. Their meaning of what it involves being a Muslim is increasingly comprehensive, and that is the reason their convention places noticeable quality on the elements of religion in family, (for example, marriage, legacy, separate), political and open life (Goodson, 2002). For a superior understanding into Sunni Muslims, the exploration will be part into areas. Further, in light of the fact that the substance of Sunni Muslims is established on their disparities with the Shi’a Muslims, correlations between the two will be utilized with the end goal of accentuation. History Although the Sunni would later create philosophical and legitimate conventions and structures throughout the hundreds of years, its crucial starting points are installed in the caliph progression question. The 632 C.E. demise of Muhammad pitted the Muslim people group into an administration wrangle since Muhammad didn't have living beneficiarie s, who were required to be male. Without one that the network could concur upon, it followed that they split along the lines of decision of a pioneer, winding up with the Sunni and Shi’a. Every order had a few developments, yet the Sunni and the Shi’a despite everything speak to the key partition in Islam (Johnson, 2010). The individuals who didn't back the authority of Ali received the name Sunni, which is a term that gets from ahl al-sunna wa al-jamaa. This is an Arabic expression alluding to a gathering of individuals who view themselves as to follow the methods of the prophet and are individuals of the network. They concluded that the following caliph should originate from the Quraysh clan, to which the prophet had a place. Writing on Sunni history demonstrates that while the prophet

Zimbardos Stanford Prison Experiment

Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment Theories Behavioral Psychology Print The Stanford Prison Experiment By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on October 25, 2019 Darrin Klimek / Getty Images More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Participants Setting and Procedure Results Criticism View All Back To Top In 1971, psychologist Philip Zimbardo and his colleagues set out to create an experiment that looked at the impact of becoming a prisoner or prison guard. Known as the Stanford Prison Experiment, the study went on to become one of the best-known in psychologys history. Zimbardo, a former classmate of Stanley Milgram (who is best known for his famous obedience experiment, was interested in expanding upon Milgrams research. He wanted to investigate further the impact of situational variables on human behavior. The researchers wanted to know how the participants would react when placed in a simulated prison environment. Suppose you had only kids who were normally healthy, psychologically and physically, and they knew they would be going into a prison-like environment and that some of their civil rights would be sacrificed. Would those good people, put in that bad, evil placeâ€"would their goodness triumph? said Zimbardo in one interview.?? The Participants The researchers set up a mock prison in the basement of Stanford Universitys psychology building and then selected 24 undergraduate students to play the roles of both prisoners and guards. The participants were chosen from a larger group of 70 volunteers because they had no criminal background, lacked psychological issues, and had no significant medical conditions. The volunteers agreed to participate during a one to two-week period in exchange for $15 a day. The Setting and Procedures The simulated prison included three six by nine-foot prison cells. Each cell held three prisoners and included three cots. Other rooms across from the cells were utilized for the jail guards and warden. One tiny space was designated as the solitary confinement room, and yet another small room served as the prison yard. The 24 volunteers were then randomly assigned to either the prisoner group or the guard group. Prisoners were to remain in the mock prison 24-hours a day during the study. Guards were assigned to work in three-man teams for eight-hour shifts. After each shift, guards were allowed to return to their homes until their next shift. Researchers were able to observe the behavior of the prisoners and guards using hidden cameras and microphones. Results of the Stanford Prison Experiment While the Stanford Prison Experiment was originally slated to last 14 days, it had to be stopped after just six due to what was happening to the student participants. The guards became abusive, and the prisoners began to show signs of extreme stress and anxiety. While the prisoners and guards were allowed to interact in any way they wanted, the interactions were hostile or even dehumanizing. The guards began to behave in ways that were aggressive and abusive toward the prisoners while the prisoners became passive and depressed. Five of the prisoners began to experience severe negative emotions, including crying and acute anxiety and had to be released from the study early. Even the researchers themselves began to lose sight of the reality of the situation. Zimbardo, who acted as the prison warden, overlooked the abusive behavior of the jail guards until graduate student Christina Maslach voiced objections to the conditions in the simulated prison and the morality of continuing the experiment. Only a few people were able to resist the situational temptations to yield to power and dominance while maintaining some semblance of morality and decency; obviously, I was not among that noble class, Zimbardo later wrote in his book The Lucifer Effect.?? What Do the Results of the Stanford Prison Experiment Mean? According to Zimbardo and his colleagues, the Stanford Prison Experiment demonstrates the powerful role that the situation can play in human behavior. Because the guards were placed in a position of power, they began to behave in ways they would not usually act in their everyday lives or other situations. The prisoners, placed in a situation where they had no real control, became passive and depressed. Criticisms of the Stanford Prison Experiment The Stanford Prison Experiment is frequently cited as an example of unethical research. The experiment could not be replicated by researchers today because it fails to meet the standards established by numerous ethical codes, including the Ethics Code of the American Psychological Association. Zimbardo acknowledges the ethical problems with the study, suggesting that although we ended the study a week earlier than planned, we did not end it soon enough.?? Other critics suggest that the study lacks generalizability due to a variety of factors. The unrepresentative sample of participants (mostly white and middle-class males) makes it difficult to apply the results to a wider population. The study is also criticized for its lack of ecological validity. While the researchers did their best to recreate a prison setting, it is simply not possible to perfectly mimic all of the environmental and situational variables of prison life. Despite some of the criticism, the Stanford Prison Experiment remains an important study in our understanding of how the situation can influence human behavior. The study recently garnered attention after reports of the Abu Ghraib prisoner abuses in Iraq became known. Many people, including Zimbardo himself, suggest that the abuses at Abu Ghraib might be real-world examples of the same results observed in Zimbardos experiment. The Stanford Prison Experiment: 40 Years Later In 2011, the Stanford Alumni Magazine featured a fascinating retrospective of the famous Stanford Prison Experiment in honor of the experiment’s 40th anniversary. The article contained interviews with several people involved in the experiment, including Zimbardo and other researchers as well as some of the participants in the study.?? Richard Yacco was one of the prisoners in the experiment and now works as a public school teacher. He offered some interesting insights into his experience: One thing that I thought was interesting about the experiment was whether, if you believe society has assigned you a role, do you then assume the characteristics of that role? I teach at an inner-city high school in Oakland. These kids dont have to go through experiments to witness horrible things. But what frustrates my colleagues and me is that we are creating great opportunities for these kids, we offer great support for them, why are they not taking advantage of it? Why are they dropping out of school? Why are they coming to school unprepared? I think a big reason is what the prison study showsâ€"they fall into the role their society has made for them.Participating in the Stanford Prison Experiment is something I can use and share with students. This was one week of my life when I was a teenager and yet here it is, 40 years later, and its still something that had enough of an impact on society that people are still interested in it. You never know what youre going to get involved in that will turn out to be a defining moment in your life. In 2015, the experiment became the topic of a feature film titled The Stanford Prison Experiment that dramatized the events of the 1971 study.

The French Revolution Was A Period Of Significant Events...

The French Revolution was a period of significant events that drastically changed the face of France, altering the traditions of government and culture. History throughout time has maintained a cause-and-effect pattern with nearly all crucial events; the French Revolution is no different. Lasting from 1789 until 1799, the revolution was partially carried forward from Napoleon during the expansion of the French Empire. The revolution was a chain of social and political acts brought on by reformers in the French Government to execute an absolute power from King Louis XVI and wealthy landowners. As well as, developing a government elected by the town’s citizens. Ultimately the act of liberty and equality for people would be instigated, in addition, generating fair living standards and treatment for entire social classes. â€Å"As one modern formulation puts it, war is â€Å"simply the use of violence by states for the enforcement, the protection, or the extension of their political power† (Rothenberg, 1988). For a long time, there have been many elements triggering a civil war in France. The revolution held many long-range causes, the top three being; social, political, and economic difficulties. The social conditions of eighteenth century France were unfortunate. The country branched societies into three classes and estates. The First Estate consisted of the Clergy. During the French Revolution, the clergy were separated into two groups; the lower and higher clergymen. The higherShow MoreRelatedThe French Revolution1575 Words   |  7 Pagesthe world. The names, faces, and places may change, but the motivations are generally the s ame, because of the need for change and the willingness to do whatever is necessary to achieve it. In contrast to the United States, which was in the process of freeing itself from British colonial rule, France was working to free itself from royal absolutism. This period is historically known as the French Revolution. Many scholars do not agree on the chronology of the French Revolution; some scholars suggestRead MoreThe French Revolution: Napoleon Essay954 Words   |  4 Pages The French Revolution was a period of social and political turmoil in France from 1789 to 1799 that greatly affected modern and French history. It marked the decline of powerful monarchies and the rise of democracy, individual rights and nationalism. This revolution came with many consequences because of the strive for power and wealth, but also had many influential leaders attempting to initiate change in the French government and the economy. In 1789 the people of France dismissed King Louis XVIRead More Effects Of Nationalism In The French Revolution1501 Words   |  7 Pagescase of France, the nationalism force was very effective and inevitable during the French revolution 1789. It was a great historical event brought many changes in France. Before the revolution, France was controlled by Ancient regime in which common people have had not freedom and rights. The financial crisis made by Louis XVI compelled to establishment of Estates General in which heavy taxes were imposed on third estate including common peoples. These people were majority of the France populationRead MoreSavannah Whiting, Carson Lilley, Kennethan Heng . Mr. Porter.1168 Words   |  5 Pagesthree eras of revolution showcase various changes and continuities. The three-hundred year span features revolutions that started because of an assortment of different reasons, while many of them are practically duplicates in their results of the conflict, such as a government being abolished. Although these revolutions pr esent diverse changes over time, the essence of almost every revolution in all three time periods reveals significant continuities between them. The European Revolutions of the 1700sRead MoreThe Decline Of Slavery During The Nineteenth Century962 Words   |  4 Pagesslavery. Industrialization also attributes to the many of the changes Europe would be under following the ending of slavery. The last point to keep in mind is the events that transpired in the seizure of Neirsee and how it impacted society. Society in Europe played an imperative role in the eighteenth and nineteenth century. This time period in human history highlighted a movement of intellectual individuals who would proclaim themselves as â€Å"Enlightened.† These individuals would often gather and â€Å"questionedRead MoreBronzinos Venus, Cupid, Folly, and Time and Manets Le Dejeuner sur Lherbe930 Words   |  4 Pages The two art pieces that I want to write about are Bronzinos Venus, Cupid, Folly, and Time, Mannerism art, and Manet’s Le Dejuner sur l’herbe, Realism art. Because these paintings were born in the periods when there was significant cultural and social changes, which influenced to their artistic style. The both paintings have nude female figures on the center of the paintings, but had received different criticism. Bronzinos Venus, Cupid, Folly, and Time is one of the most famous works of art ofRead MoreA Line Of The Sand Essay1711 Words   |  7 PagesA Line In The Sand Essay In the book, A Line In The Sand, James Barr discusses the French struggle over the Middle East between 1914-1948. Throughout this book, it talks about two men, one visionary British politician and the other a veteran French diplomat; Mark Sykes and Francois Georges-Picot. They both secretly drew a line from the Mediterranean to the Persian Frontier. Britain and France would divide and rule 5 countries which are Palestine, Iraq, Transjordan, Lebanon ad Syria. It made theRead MoreOrigins of the French Revolution2047 Words   |  9 Pagesand Andress offer interesting and well-supported perspectives on the origins of the French Revolution and the reasons it came about. Bossenga purports that the public fervor of the time had little to do with the actual revolution, other than providing bodies for insurrection. Rather, the institution of the royal state was an inherently flawed one by the reign of Louis XVI, to the extent that only a full revolution would effectively produce solutions t o the problems of the ancien regime. Andress placesRead MoreThe Devastating Power of Western Colonialism Essay1762 Words   |  8 Pagesand linguistic imperialism have over a colonized region. Hegemonic rule and full-scale imperial endeavors defined English and France foreign affairs during the 19th and early 20th centuries. As the two largest imperialist superpowers of the time, France and Britain made countless imperial acquisitions, not the least of which being their long struggle and eventual French colonization of Madagascar. The ability for western powers to gain hegemonic and colonialist power over smaller nations reliesRead MoreEssay about What Was the Main Reason for Italian Unification1913 Words   |  8 PagesWhat was the main reason for Italian Unification? In 1815 after the battle of waterloo and the end of the Napoleonic wars, the victorious powers met to discuss what to do to at what became to be known as the Congress of Vienna. To ensure that war on the same scale never broke out again they decided to make very little changes to the current map of Europe, except strengthening all of France’s neighbours. I was agreed at the conference that the ruling powers should meet in the future whenever

Civil Rights Movement for Social Justice - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1129 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/03/22 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Civil Rights Movement Essay Did you like this example? The civil rights movement is associated with a span of time beginning with the 1954 Supreme courts ruling. The decision outlawed segregation in education and the Montgomery Bus Boycott. The movement draw its members from both the local groups as well as other organizations which include; National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). Notably, even though the movements employed different strategies and tactics, they cohered around the aim of outlawing the system of Jim Crow segregation as well as reformation of the racial aspects in the American institutions. The purpose of this movement was to restore African Americans civil rights and the rights of citizenship as outlined in the constitution which is in the fourteen and fifteen amendment. These rights had been crumbled by Jim Crow laws a segregationist in the south. It significantly affected the relationship between the states and the national government since the federal government was compelled in many occasions to enforce its rules and laws to protect the rights of the African American citizens. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Civil Rights Movement for Social Justice" essay for you Create order The black panthers outlined a ten-point program that fought for the freedom of the blacks, among them include: We want freedom. We want power to determine the destiny of the black community. Nevertheless, it fought for the full employment for the blacks. Besides, the program outlined the need to end the robbery on the blacks by the capitalists. On the housing, it focused on decent housing units for the black community. In his letter from Birmingham Jail, Martin Luther King Jr called for honest and open negotiations on the racial issues. The movement prompted the re-emergence of judiciary involvement of the Supreme Court and to uphold its responsibility as a protector of independent liberty against the powers of the majority. The civil rights movement provoked gains were enjoyed not only by African Americans but also for women, individuals with disabilities and many more. Heavy consequences were inflicted upon the south following the civil war, most would agree the civil rights movement as a second reconstruction phase. During this phase, the 14th amendment gave way to equal protection of the laws and the 15th amendment (1865-1870) gave the men the right to vote regardless of race were approved. The armed forces from the north lived in the south as from 1865 to 1877 to bring the official end of slavery. Unfortunately, when the reconstruction ended in 1877 the whites from the south passed laws that discriminated African Americans on the basis of race. These laws were popularly known as Jim crows laws; these laws kept apart from whites and blacks in education, housing and restricted the use of private and public facilities such as trains, restaurants, and restrooms. The laws also turned down the blacks right to vote, limited free movement, and denied them the right to marry whites. A great number of discriminatory and prejudicial actions were committed on African Americans as well. The migrant farmers initiated a multiracial movement that led to the formation of the United Farm Workers led by Cesar Chavez, the migrant farmers adopted the consumer boycotts, this was a successful strategy under the social protests by the civil rights movement. The success of this movement has continued to motivate the farm workers to fight for their justice and it eventually changed laws and put farming communities in better positions than ever before. Nevertheless, the African Americans also deployed direct action protests as well as aggravating their rights through political organizing, through the voter registration that culminated in the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party. These strategies led to the achievements of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. NAACP used parks arrest as an opportunity to challenge discriminatory laws in the southern city. The NAACP called upon religious and Montgomerys political leaders to advocate for one day boycott. A public protest is a strategy that is used in civil rights movements, for instance, Sit inns that was used by black students to protest segregation at the Woolworths lunch counter. They would come to sit down peacefully and wait to be served and would not move until they were served. This strategy called for perfectly behaved and well-dressed students to sit and ask to be served. Protest marches were used by the Congress of racial equality who organized a freedom ride in 1961. The black and white riders boarded a bus that took them to the south and in each stop they entered racially segregated areas. Martin Luther announced that SCLC would travel to Alabama Birmingham to integrate commercial facilities. Marching was one of the strategies that were used for instance marching on Washington. Civil rights movements used the above strategies. The subjugation of African and Hispanic Americans can be blamed on the white supremacy and racism. During the period that led to the formation of the civil rights movement, racial and ethnic minorities as well as women were confronted with legal and social exclusion. The whites passed laws that were discriminating blacks and Hispanic Americans. African Americans and many other minority groups across the nation endured very difficult times because of many unfair and unconstitutional laws. The longstanding subjugation led to the enactment of an affirmative action with the aim of ending discrimination. The affirmative action orders were issued by president Franklin Roosevelt aimed at barring discrimination against the blacks by the defense contractors. Interestingly, it led to the formation of a fair employment practices committee. However, the federal compliance programs faced a lot of challenges that ranged from being understaffed, they were underfunded, and they lacked an enforcement authority. In conclusion, civil rights movement strategies and ideas have evolved over time. Different organizations employ the same strategies such as boycotts, sit-ins, demonstrations, non-violent picketing to achieve liberation. In the 1960s civil rights movements, the minority fought against racial discrimination in the southern states by using some of these strategies to achieve liberation even though they faced resistance. The purpose of this movement was to restore civil rights and the rights of citizenship to all American citizens as outlined in the constitution which is in the fourteen and fifteen amendment. Currently, there has been a constant evolution to the strategies employed for any rights movements. People have invented new ways to channel their grievances as illustrated above. Sources Cesar Chavez: Letter from Delano https://libraries.ucsd.edu/farmworkermovement/essays/essays/Letter%20From%20Delano.pdf Black Panther Party 10-Point Program War Against the Panthers, by Huey P. Newton, 1980 Martin Luther King Jr. Letter from Birmingham Jail. https://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/documents/Letter_Birmingham_Jail.pdf SNCC The Basis of Black Power https://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/documents/Letter_Birmingham_Jail.pdf Migrant Farmers Immigrant Labor 1952

Role of Advertising in Newspapers Free Essays

The Role of Advertising in Newspapers Revenues from sales of advertising pay for the bulk of the costs of newspaper production. That’s why the reading public pays so little for its newspaper. What is advertising? An advertisement is a message designed to sell the advertiser’s goods or services to prospective buyers. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Advertising in Newspapers or any similar topic only for you Order Now Types of newspaper advertising There are two types of newspaper advertising – display and classified. A display advertisement is a written message, often accompanied by an illustration or photograph, which can be placed in any section of the newspaper. A classified ad refers to those advertisements that are separated into specific classifications and located in one or more sections of the newspaper. Display advertisements There are two types of display ads found in the newspaper – national and local. National advertising usually refers to products that are promoted on a nation-wide basis, such as automobiles and brand-name products or retail chains. Local advertising is used to promote local, regional or national products. The ad is written, however, to appear in the local market. When placing a display ad, the advertiser is charged by the amount of space the ad occupies in the newspaper. The price of the space varies with certain factors: †¢Newspaper circulation (the larger the circulation the higher the price charged) †¢Size of ad †¢Use of colour †¢Guaranteed position in newspaper †¢Day the advertisement runs †¢Advertising frequency To attract a reader’s attention and to sell a product, many techniques are used in the creation of a display ad. As a result, these ads are usually professionally prepared in creative services departments of the newspaper, the advertiser or a contracted advertising agency. The physical appearance of an advertisement often determines its attractiveness to the reader. Some aspects considered in ad preparation are: †¢Size of the ad †¢Use of colour †¢Amount of white space, i. e. , not too crowded †¢Graphics chosen †¢Type style and size of text The information included in an ad can definitely influence its effectiveness in selling a product. Some display ads are purely factual and appeal to reason. Information in these ads usually relates to: †¢Quality of the product †¢Price or value of the product †¢General description of the product Guarantee of the product Other display ads appeal to the emotions of the consumer and may emphasise: †¢Brand loyalty – the advertiser wants you to identify with and continue buying established brands. †¢Conformity – the â€Å"everybody is buying this particular brand or item† approach. †¢Hero worship – endorsement of a product by a personality i n entertainment or sports. †¢Status – an appeal to the buyer’s ego. †¢Humour – entertaining, but deceptive; says little about the product. †¢Personal attractiveness – a wishful-thinking ad appealing to a particular feminine/masculine image. Style changes – the buyer is asked to keep up with the times. †¢Vanity – this kind of ad appeals to the buyer’s self image or ego-gratification where the buyer’s happiness comes first. †¢Economy – everyone likes to think he or she can economise while spending. †¢Luxury – symbols of wealth and excess. †¢Convenience – work and time-saving devices. †¢Lifestyle – the advertisement associates a certain lifestyle with a product. †¢Security – this covers many kinds of security: emotional, personal, financial, etc. †¢Sex – the ad uses the lure of sex appeal. It is similar to the appeals of feminine and masculine attractiveness. Keep in mind that more than one appeal may be found in the same ad. Classified ads Classified ads are not written by creative service departments, but by individuals wishing to advertise goods and services available or needed. When placing a classified ad, advertisers are usually charged by the line. As a result, classified ads are brief. The price varies with the number of insertions desired and the particular days chosen. For example, the unit cost of an ad may decrease if it is run all week. On the other hand, a premium could be added to the cost if a high circulation day is chosen, such as Saturday. In some cities and towns different days are popular for certain types of ads. In your area, for example, Saturday may be a heavy real estate day, while Monday may be popular for car and truck ads. Placing a classified ad is very simple. One dials the classified advertising department of the newspaper and a trained operator assists in the placing of the ad. The operator will also help in the writing of the ad and in the selection of insertion dates. The process can also be done on-line. The classified ad section is organised to assist readers in locating relevant information. Many classified ad readers have specific goals in mind, rather than casual browsing. The classified ads – as their name implies – are grouped together according to product or service type. An overall index conveniently directs readers to each specific category, within which listings are arranged alphabetically. A newspaper is any printed periodical or work containing public news or comments on public news. Each newspaper tries to win the heart and loyalty of its readers through news and views, articles, pictures, poems, cartoons, editorials, presentation techniques and exclusive stories and news items. It censures the corrupt and the erring. It airs public grievances sad reflects public opinion through letters to the press. Napoleon feared four hostile newspapers more than a thousand bayonets. According to him â€Å"a newspaper is a grumbler, censurer, a giver of advice, a regent of sovereigns, a tutor of nations. ‘ Gopal Krishna Gokhale considered the newspapers to be the rousers and the sentinels of the voice of people. In India newspapers have a vital role to play and an important duty to perform, both as ‘vox populi’ (voice of the people) and as builder of public opinion. In this sense, it is the ‘people’s university’—book, pulpit, platform, forum, theatre and counselor, all in one. There is no interest—literary, social, politi cal, religious, commercial, economic, scientific, technological, agricultural, mechanical, cultural, histrionic and so on and so forth—which is not covered â€Å"by the news-paper. There, a vast majority of the people in this country are still illiterate or at least unenlightened, even among the literate persons, about two-thirds do not read newspaper regularly. The Indian masses lack intellectual capacity and comprehension required in reading a newspaper. Approximately 17 percent of people read newspapers and out these dot even half of the people read editorials, comments or serious initial articles. The rest content themselves by reading the headlines or the topical news. Young men read sports news and film reviews, the businessmen confine themselves to market reports about shares, stocks and the prices of gold, silver and essential commodi ¬ties. Only old, retired people pour over the newspaper from end to end, and that too because they have no other pastime to pass time. This shows that the number of those who have genuine interest in newspapers is very low. But it is these people—national and state leaders, teachers, lawyers, philosophers, academicians, technocrats and bureaucrats—who form the intellectual and intelligent section of the Indian society. They speak for the common people and voice their grievances against mismanagement of public affairs. They serve as a link between the rulers and the rated, the government and the people and complete the chain of action and reaction. The newspapers in India perform their pole as guardians of the public interest, watch-dogs and a source of all kinds of informa ¬tion. They are not State-controlled, as in U. S. S. R. and Pakistan, they enjoy freedom of expression. Of course, they must function within the bounds of law. They must not infringe the law regarding libel and deformation, otherwise they would be liable to penal action. Even the restricted freedom of the Indian newspapers it the envy of the journalists in other countries of Asia where there has been a prolonged spell of military dictatorship, autocratic rule or emergency. In India, the newspapers keep a powerful check on the mis ¬deeds, the tyranny and this, corrupt practices of the government. Thomas Jefferson paid rich tributes to this function of the newspaper when he said, â€Å"Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers, or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter. However, all newspapers do not play a positive end construc ¬tive role expected of them. There is a section of newspapers in India, which indulges in blackmail, extortion of money and distor ¬tion of facts and news. This yellow journalism is despicable. Such newspapers violate all ethical standards and adopt a purely merce ¬nary and anti-national attitude. This is sub-standard and base Journ alism. They should be treated like smugglers, black-marketers and drug-pedlars and antisocial elements and should be dealt with an iron-hand. What Jefferson said about newspapers in America applies to newspapers in India also. ‘I Chapter, truth; II Chapter, probabilities; third, possibilities; fourth, lies; fifth, blatant lies; and the first chapter is the shortest,† Most of the country’s leading newspapers are owned or domi ¬nated by big industrial houses and capitalists—Birja, Dalmia, Express group, As a result, the interests of the general public are often sacri ¬ficed at the altar of capitalism and business interests. Moreover, the lion’s share of the total circulation of newspapers, a little above 5crore, belongs to the bigger dailies published from Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta and Madras, the metropolitan towns. The national dailies enjoy a great deal of influence and command huge resources. But the smaller newspapers, that are published in the regional languages and that have a smaller circulation, have to face perpetual financial crisis and are often forced to close down. This belies the Govern ¬ment policy of patronizing smaller newspapers and imposing rest ¬raints in bigger newspapers. In several countries abroad, especially in the West, newspapers have power to make and break governments; but in India news ¬papers do not carry much weight and do not cut much ice. The Government does not pay much heed to their views and does not respond to their criticism for the simple reason that it commands a colossal majority in the Parliament. Gloating over absolute majority, the Government even tries to shifle free press (as has several times been done in the case of the Indian Express group of papers). One common method of pressurising newspapers that the Central or State Governments in India adopt is to stop giving adver ¬tisements and notifications released by the Directorate of Advertising and Visual Publicity (D. A. V. P. , Government departments and public sector enterprises; to such newspapers as do not cringe and adopt a fawning attitude and thus made them suffer financially. Advertisements are sometimes used as a weapon to corapell complia ¬nce, for it would be impossible for a newspaper to survive without advertisements, the prop and the life-blood of all journalism. A num ¬ber of such cases have been taken up in the Press Council of Indi a and have been commented upon. Another method is that of stopp ¬ing or substantially cutting down the supply of newsprint paper quota to such ‘dare-devil’ newspapers. Newspapers in this renaissance country should regard their pro ¬fession as a noble mission of educating and enlightening people. They should impose certain moral and national restraints and discipline upon themselves. They should refrain from indulging Its rumors and turning out biased information and distorted truths from ulte ¬rior motives. As purveyors of news and views, they should play the rote of ‘people’s university’ and serve the motherland as guardians and custodians of people’s liberty. How to cite Role of Advertising in Newspapers, Essay examples

The Boradview Anthology of Darama Twentieth Century Essay Example For Students

The Boradview Anthology of Darama: Twentieth Century Essay Many of the scenes within act 1 are very important as they concern character development, the value of theatre and other key aspects of the play. In scene 3, men are out shooting birds. Phillips nature is explored and an audience would begin to understand how he differs from the other officers and soldiers in charge of the colony. Was it really necessary to cross fifteen thousand miles of ocean to erect another Tyburn? We will write a custom essay on The Boradview Anthology of Darama: Twentieth Century specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now As Phillips opening line the audience would see from the outset that Phillip is looking for a fresh start, and that it is pointless for the guilty men to travel so far just to be slaughtered. In contrast Tench doesnt seem to care about the convicts at all. I think it would make them feel at home. This is a ridiculous statement that suggests that Tench has no interest in the subject. Another key issue that is dealt with in this scene is the debate about whether people have the potential to be reformed, or not. Tench appears not to have any faith in the potential of the convicts The convicts never left their old ways, Governor, nor do they intend to. Phillip however is looking for a fresh start on this new land. He seems to believe that with help, the convicts can reform. This introduces the idea of a play for the convicts to perform; oddly enough the idea seems to have sprouted from Tenchs sarcastic suggestion that an opera house could be built for the convicts. Tench is of the opinion that hanging is the convicts form of theatre and that it would be unfair to deprive them of the entertainment. Its their theatre, Governor, you cannot change that. The audience is able to see how open minded Phillip is as he would rather they saw real plays: fine language, sentiment. Collins is another character that the audience is introduced to in this scene. He is a man who follows English law and believes that that is the only option. This land is under English law. The court found them guilty and sentenced them accordingly. This is a more reasonable stance than that of Tench who seems to revel in his superior position. Collins on the other hand is aware of how useful hanging people is, as it serves as an example to other men. He doesnt agree with Phillips suggestion of flogging, as the death is slow, unobserved and cannot serve as a sharp example. Collins appreciates how Phillip wishes to oppose the baneful influence of vice with the harmonizing arts of civilization. But feels that his attempts are futile and will collapse without the mortar of fear. Collins appears to have more faith in laws than in humanity. Part of a 21st century audience might be surprised by the severity of the punishments for crimes, at that time, but what must be remembered is that Wertenbaker has used historical  facts as guidelines. One of the main themes of the play is the merit of theatre, scene 6 therefore is crucial to the plot. Each of the characters opinions about the Recruiting Officer are clearly explained, an audience is able to see how the decision to show the play has been formed. The question of whether man can be reformed or not continues to be explored. Phillip re-affirms his opinion Surely they can also be reformed Tench continues to see the play as a waste of time he still has no faith in the potential of the convicts, who in his eyes all have a habit of vice and crime This lack of change in Tenchs view is ironic as his negative feelings towards the convicts are his own vice and crime as they prevent him from seeing the possibilities of rehabilitation. .u687b495ba855f9d64545fbb0d52710e0 , .u687b495ba855f9d64545fbb0d52710e0 .postImageUrl , .u687b495ba855f9d64545fbb0d52710e0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u687b495ba855f9d64545fbb0d52710e0 , .u687b495ba855f9d64545fbb0d52710e0:hover , .u687b495ba855f9d64545fbb0d52710e0:visited , .u687b495ba855f9d64545fbb0d52710e0:active { border:0!important; } .u687b495ba855f9d64545fbb0d52710e0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u687b495ba855f9d64545fbb0d52710e0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u687b495ba855f9d64545fbb0d52710e0:active , .u687b495ba855f9d64545fbb0d52710e0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u687b495ba855f9d64545fbb0d52710e0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u687b495ba855f9d64545fbb0d52710e0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u687b495ba855f9d64545fbb0d52710e0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u687b495ba855f9d64545fbb0d52710e0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u687b495ba855f9d64545fbb0d52710e0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u687b495ba855f9d64545fbb0d52710e0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u687b495ba855f9d64545fbb0d52710e0 .u687b495ba855f9d64545fbb0d52710e0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u687b495ba855f9d64545fbb0d52710e0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Act 1 Scene 1, Act 1 Scene 5, and Act 2 Scene 5 in Shakespeare's Twelfth Night EssayRalph is able to see positive change in some of the convicts behaviour they seemed to acquire a dignity they seemed to lose some of their corruption This is crucial à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" it marks how right Phillip was in his initial suggestion that reform was possible through the play. An audience would see how even in the worst of situations, with people of the most unfortunate backgrounds, with a little encouragement and opportunity rehabilitation is possible. The farcical democracy sustained by Collins ensures that the play is allowed to continue. Each character is permitted a vote but only the positive opinions are considered for any length time. Ross I I à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Collins We have taken your disagreement into account. Collins is portrayed as the voice of reason and acts as the judge of whether or not the play should go on. He decides that it should, if only as an interesting experiment Phillip remains certain that the play will be a success. The last word will be in the play, gentlemen. This is crucial as his dignity and pride now lie in the hands of the convicts. The two scenes that I chose for their crucial nature and pivotal content are rich separately but also are interesting when looked at together to see the passing of time and development of characters.

How to Overcome Hardship and Be Successful [Video]

How to Overcome Hardship and Be Successful [Video] Life can be tough, with lots of roadblocks that stand in the way of your success. The majority of us go through life with our noses to the ground, grinding through one day after the next filled with to-dos. We’re always in a hurry. But what might happen to our state of mind if, just sometimes, we†¦ stopped. What if we looked up to appreciate the beauty of what lies around us every day without us even noticing it? Check out the following TED Talk by Gavin Pretor-Pinney on how you, too, can use what lies around us to calm the stress within.

Haplology - Definition and Examples in Language

Haplology s in Language Definition A sound change involving the loss of a syllable when its next to a phonetically identical (or similar) syllable. Haplology is a type of dissimilation. Perhaps the best-known example is the reduction of Anglaland in Old English to England in Modern English. The reverse process is known as dittologythe accidental or conventionalized repetition of a syllable. (Dittology also means, more broadly, the double reading or interpretation of any text.) The counterpart of haplology in writing is haplographythe accidental omission of a letter that should be repeated (such as mispell for misspell). The term haplology (from the Greek, simple, single) was coined by American linguist Maurice Bloomfield (American Journal of Philology, 1896). Also Known  As   syllabic syncope Examples and Observations Haplology . . . is the name given to the change in which a repeated sequence of sounds is simplified to a single occurrence. For example, if the word haplology were to undergo haplology (were to be haplologized), it would reduce the sequence lolo to lo, haplology haplogy. Some real examples are:(1) Some varieties of English reduce library to libry [laibri] and probably to probly [prÉ”bli].(2) pacifism pacificism (contrast with mysticism mysticism, where the repeated sequence is not reduced and does not end up as ​mystism).(3) English humbly was humblely in Chaucers time, pronounced with three syllables, but has been reduced to two syllables (only one l) in modern standard English.(Lyle Campbell, Historical Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd ed. MIT Press, 2004)The words library and necessary, especially as spoken in Southern England, are often heard by foreigners as libry and nessary. But when they repeat the words as such, they do not sound right, since there should be a lengthened r and s, respectively, in those words. It shows that foreigners notice the beginning stages of haplology in those words, when there is as yet no complete haplology.(Yuen Ren Chao, Language and Symbolic Systems. Cambridge University Press, 1968) I have often noted that Americans, in speaking of the familiar Worcestershire sauce, commonly pronounce every syllable and enunciate shire distinctly. In England it is always Woostershr.(H.L. Mencken, The American Language, 2nd ed. Alfred A. Knopf, 1921) Also See What Is the Correct Pronunciation of February?AssimilationDissimilationElision

Prevention and Control of Juvenile Delinquency Research Proposal

Prevention and Control of Juvenile Delinquency - Research Proposal Example According to Hepburn and Goodstein (1986), criminal justice reforms are organization initiatives to develop programs that respond and reflect sociological perspectives on the development and prevalence of crime. Though reforms have been initiated mostly through social action, the implementations of reforms entail legislative or judicial action (Lupton, 1999; Lint, 2007). There are also a number of ways and modes for the advancement of reforms programs. In the United States, for example, criminal justice reforms trace its roots in the Pennsylvania Prison Society, considered as the original society-based or lobby group for penal reform in the country (Pillsbury, 1989). While in the case of the United Kingdom, criminal justice reforms were developed in legislative assemblies and were enforced as acts of parliament considered to be more political than social actions (Stenson & Sullivan, 2000; Parks, 2007). In the studies done by Gorton and Boies (1999) and Keith (2002), penal reforms are among the most sensitive to change and have historically been the focus of criminal justice reforms. However, recent trends have shown a greater emphasis on crime prevention, social collaboration in rehabilitation and integration (Squires, 2006). Increasing cost of criminal justice proceedings, penal systems, and rehabilitation programs as well researches emphasizing the rehabilitation of offenders have all contributed to the divergence from punitive regiments (Kemshall & Maguire, 2001). Hughes (1998; 2007) points out that this level of sensitivity and responsiveness is also dependent on changing trends in social perspectives and existing state capacity to implement criminal justice programs. He notes that the changes are not changes in held values but rather changes in the approach of providing a means to pursue offenders and deliver restitution to victims.

Wellshire NHS Trust Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Wellshire NHS Trust - Case Study Example According to the paper, HR policies identified in the case study are centred towards nursing staff and their workplace environment. The fact finding report determined various problems that exists within two large hospitals operated by NHS Trust. There are four issues identified in the case study such as sickness absence, performance appraisal, employee relations, and learning and development. In recent years there has been increase in percentage of sickness absence. The major reason behind such problem can be lack of employee motivation. Staff members are not motivated enough to accomplish tasks or be regular in workplace practices. Stress related conditions have been so prominent in the organization that it initiated short term absence. In such scenario line managers should communicate effectively with team members. However data collected by line managers were not utilized further in order to resolve issues. It can be stated that initiatives were not undertaken by line managers and this created more problems in terms of increased degree of sickness absence. Inappropriate performance appraisal system can be denoted as another issue identified in the organization. Performance appraisal programs were undertaken by managers to address certain competencies such as communication, service improvement, people development, quality, health and safety, diversity and equality. Appraisal meetings were often not held in scheduled time period. There was no record maintained regarding employee performance and this issue gained more prominence in context of workplace shifts. The main reason behind this problem was lack of technology based applications. Hence it became difficult to track employee performance and implement productive strategies.  

Analysis of Biochemical Compounds in ‘gynura Procumbens’

Analysis of Biochemical Compounds in ‘gynura Procumbens’ Extraction of Biochemical Compounds in ‘gynura Procumbens’ Using 3 Mixture Design and Gcms Name : Syazliana Syamira Binti Hashim NOVEMBER 2014 Gynura procumbens or known locally in Malaysia as ‘Sambung Nyawa’ or in chinese, it is called ‘Nan Hui Ye’ is a plant that was found in South East Asia usually inThailand, Indonesia and Malaysia.This plant belongs to the Asteraceae Family.It is a famous traditional herb in South East Asia for the treatment of diabetic, high cholesterol level, cancer, high blood pressure, kidney discomfort and inflammation.The present study aims to study the antidiabetic activity of Gynura procumbens leaves to manage diabetes and to study the potential toxicity for many of the biochemical compounds in this plant leaves by using the three mixture design and analysis by CGMS technique. In a mixture experiment, the independent factors are proportions of different components of a blend. The fact that the properties of the different factors must sum to 100% complicates the design as well as the analysis of mixture experiments.In this work,a mixture design will be applied to optimize solvent mixtures for selective extraction of biochemical compounds from Gynura procumbens leaves.Pressurized solvent extractions(PSE) will be performed at 313K and 20MPa,using homogeneous,ethanol(EtOH) and O solvent mixtures.The operating conditions to extract biochemical compounds from Gynura procumbens leaves will be optimized.The ranges of extraction temperatures and pressures are 25 60 and 8 – 25MPa, respectively.GC coupled with MS detection will be used to characterize the extracts. Introduction The modern lifestyle has become a major threat to the health of people around the world.There are many cases that involve arteriosclerosis, obesity, diabetes mellitus and cancers and these diseases remind us about our unhealthy lifestyles and thus give rise in circulatory system diseases such as hypertension, pre-hypertension and heart disease in developed countries (Johnson and Turner, 2005; Kearney et al., 2005). From the previous time,plants have often been used to cure human diseases (Stepp and Moerman,2001; Yesilada, 2005).Today,with the arising threat of intractable diseases,a research is to focus on the finding bioactive molecules from plants(Amos et al.,2003; Fatehi et al.,2005).The one such plant is ‘Sambung Nyawa’ or its scientific name is Gynura procumbens is a member of the Asteraceae family(Wiart,2002). Gynura procumbens is commonly used as a traditional medicinal plant in Malaysia to treat many diseases. Recently, the use of herbal medicines for complementary treatments of some diseases has been popular and researchers have shown that these herbs are commonly used by cancer patients to manage their diseases (Riboli and Norat, 2003; Van Duijnhoven et al., 2009). Pharmacologic studies also have proved that Gynura procumbens possesses anti-herpes simplex virus, (Nawawi et al.,1999), anti-ulcerogenic activities (Mahmood et al., 2010) anti-inflammatory (Iskander et al.,2002), and anticancer properties(Agustina et al.,2006). Problem Statement : Gynura procumbens had been given attention in the pharmacology of antidiabetic medicinal plants probably because of its solid evidences and efficiency in the traditional management of diabetes mellitus.But in contrast,the scientific reports on the antidiabetic activity of this plant had their own conflicts and inconsistent.For example,Zhang and Tan had reported that 95% ethanol extract improved glucose tolerance in STZ-induced diabetic rats, but not in normal rats(Zhang and Tan).These authors also reported that its aqueous extract to exert significant anti hyperglycemic action in STZ-induced diabetic rats.But after that,Akowuah et al., on the contrary indicated its glucose lowering effect in normal rats(Akowuah et al.,2001).In the most recent study, the extract of Gynura procumbens was reported to generate significant elevation in the fasting blood glucose(FBG) levels of normal rats but a decrease in diabetic rats(Hassan et al.,2010). Eventhough Gynura procumbens is useful in the treatment of many ailments,however there is a little toxicological information that is available regarding to the safety due to the repeated exposure.Thus,a study need to be conducted to improve these reports and give more useful informations about its widespread uses.Therefore,the present research is to study the antidiabetic activity of Gynura procumbens leaves to manage diabetes and also to study the potential toxicity for many of the biochemical compounds in Gynura procumbens leaves. Objectives : To study the antidiabetic activity of Gynura procumbens leaves to manage diabetes. To study the potential toxicity for many of the biochemical compounds in Gynura procumbens leaves. 2.0 Literature Review 2.1 General Overview of Gynura procumbens Gynura procumbens that is well-known in South East Asia has traditionally been used to cure rash, eruptive fevers, kidney disease, constipation, migraines, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cancer(Perry,1980).Recently, pharmacological studies have state that this plant has anti-hyperglycaemic(Akowuah et al.,2001; Akowuah et al.,2002),anti-hyperlipidaemic(Zhang and Tan,2000),anti-inflammatory(Iskander et al.,2002) and blood hypertension reduction capabilities(Lam et al.,1998; Kim et al.,2006). The advantages of the traditional use of Gynura procumbens leaves have been supported the isolation and identification of several possible active chemical constituents from this herb, including flavonoids, tannins, saponins and terpenoids(Akowuah et al.,2002).Gynura procumbens is usually used as a traditional medicinal plant in Malaysia to cure many ailments. It is an annual ever- green shrub with a fleshy stem and purple tint.In Malaysia,this plant is called as ‘Sambung nyawa’, and it is commonly used in South-East Asia,especially in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand. In spite of the various uses over long time periods, little toxicological information is available regarding safety following repeated exposure to Gynura procumbens. Currently, Malaysian authorities are paying more attention to the safety and potential toxicity of botanicals, including medical plants and edible materials. Therefore,the objective of the present study was to provide scientific data on the safety of Gynura procumbens, that focus on the acute and 90days (13weeks) sub-chronic toxicity of a methanol extract that was orally administered to Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Gynura procumbens has recently received particular attention in the pharmacology of antidiabetic medicinal plants,probably because of its admitted empirical evidence and efficiency in the traditional management of diabetes mellitus.Besides that, these study designs are not targeted at natural product discovery or production of standardized herbal forms. Satisfactory research on medicinal plants beyond screening for biological activity should be conducted with the objective to systematically standardize and possess them into natural products or dosage forms which should effectively complement or supplement existing conventional measures(Ali et al.,2012). 2.2 Current Research of Gynura procumbens There is currently a good deal of research interest to utilize plant compounds against human diseases, that includes hypertension. The present study investigated the effects of different extracts and fractions from leaves of Gynura procumbens on rat atrial contraction in vitro. Isolated left and right atria were mounted in a 20-ml organ bath and they were allowed to equilibrate for 15 minutes before the application of the extracts or fractions. The extracts ( methanol extract (ME) and petroleum-ether extract (PE) ) and the fractions (chloroform fraction(CHL), ethyl-acetate fraction (EA), n-butanol fraction (NB) and water fraction (WA) of the methanol extract) were tested at three concentrations (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml), with a b-adrenergic agonist (isoprenaline) as a control. All the data on the contraction responses were log-transformed and had been analyzed. When exposed to the different extracts, both atria tended to exhibit greater contractive responses with the NB whereas cardiac contractions had a tendency to be reduced with most other extracts. For a given extract, the contraction responses were particularly greater at 0.5 mg/ml for the right atrium and at 1 mg/ml for the left atrium. For the further analysis is to focus on the NB fraction revealed that positive inotropism was greater in left atria exposed to highly-concentrated F2 and F3 sub-fractions. Taken together,the results suggest that NB extracts and fractions from the Gynura procumbens-leaf methanol extract have positive inotropic activities and, hence, can be considered as an alternative or traditional medicine against increased blood pressure in humans or can be used in strategies aimed at finding antihypertensive biomolecules from an accessible source. In each of these studies, the approach was not bioassay directed, an approach basis to the discovery of novel natural products from their natural sources and or to increase their standardization preparation to formulate into dosage forms for human usage after clinical trials. In summary, there is little analysis on the importance of the different extracts and fractions of Gynura procumbens on heart tissues. Therefore, the present study examined the effects of Gynura procumbens leaves extracts and fractions of the active extract on the contraction of left and right atria (LA and RA, respectively) isolated from Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with the aim of exploring the possibilities of its standardization or industrial scaling up for natural products against hypertension. 2.3 Functions of Gynura procumbens In South-East Asia, this plant is widely distributed and has often been used to treat diseases. In Indonesia, leaves of the Compositae family are routinely used for treatment in kidney diseases, eruptive fevers, rash, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia(Perry,1980). In Thailand, where this plant is empirically used against topical inflammation, rheumatism, and viral ailments, Iskander and colleagues have reported the anti-inflammatory actions of its extracts(Iskander et al.,2002). Recently, pharmacological investigations in Singapore have shown that extracts of Gynura procumbens reduced serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats(Zhang and Tan,2000). In Malaysia, evidence exists that Gynura procumbens has antidiabetic properties(Akowuah et al.,2001; Bohari et al.,2006). In this country, the currency of hypertension is high, but the levels of awareness, control, and treatment are still low(Rampal et al.,2008).This species has been used as a traditional medicine to treat inflammation, cancer, rheumatism, and viral infections. Among the various ethnobotanical practices of this plant, the application as a poultice for diverse skin diseases was found to be a universal usage in many countries (Perry, 1980). The leaves of this plant are not toxic(Rosidah et al., 2009). Gynura procumbensfrom Asteraceae family has been used as a traditional remedy for various skin diseases in certain areas of Southeast Asia(Junoh et al.,2011). 2.4 Related Diseases There were many attempts to control increased blood pressure that have been used as strategies to control arterial hypertension(Collins et al.,1990; Lang et al.,2001). Eventhough the treatment of arterial hypertension has been shown to be quite efficacious in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity (Collins et al.,1990), hypertension control at the population level has been generally considered as not enough yet. In the United Kingdom, for instance, 94% of hypertensive patients still have their blood pressure higher than the normal(Colhoun et al.,1998), whereas in the United States, there is only 27% had a normal blood pressure following treatment(Burt et al.,1995). This intractability of hypertension has not changed, and recently there is a noticeable increase in hypertension cases(Kearney et al.,2004); about 26% of adults worldwide in 972 million are known to have hypertension(Kearney et al.,2005). Current optimism based on pharmacological therapy, which consists of developing drug formulations, is severely impeded by drug interactions, dose dependence, and adverse effects such as the possibility of depression. All in all,it is clear that the development of alternative strategies complementary to existing control methods is needed. 2.5 Acute and Sub-chronic Toxicity The Gynura procumbens methanol extract was suspended in 1% (w/v) carboxylmethylcellulose (CMC) and it was administered orally (1250, 2500, and 5000 mg/kg) in single doses to both female and males rats (n = 10; 5 males and 5 females). The rats need to fast overnight due to dosing. The general behaviour of the rat was continuously monitored for 1 hour after dosing, periodically during the first 24 hour (with special attention given during the first 4 hour), and daily thereafter for a total of 14 days. All animals were humanely killed by inhalation after 14 days.The selected vital organs were excised, weighed, and macroscopically examined(Ghosh,1984). Healthy rats of both sexes were randomly assigned to control and treatment groups (n = 10; 5 males and 5 females). The Gynura procumbens methanol extract was suspended in 1% CMC and administered orally on a daily basis for 90 days (13 weeks) at doses of 125, 250, or 500mg/kg. Based on the report by Suharmiati (2003), traditional healers typically prescribe seven leaves each day for an adult, which is equivalent to a 125 mg/day dose. Therefore, doses ranging from of 125–500mg/(kg day) were selected as the tested doses. All rats were anesthetized under inhalation at the end of 13 weeks. Blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture into non-heparinized and EDTA containing tubes for biochemical and haematological analyses, respectively (Winarto, 2003; Petterino and Argentino-Storino, 2006). After cardiac puncture, the rats were killed by clavicle dislocation.Those vital organs were excised, weighed, and macroscopically examined and then they were fixed in 10% formalin for hi stopathological study. 2.6 Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes causes oxidative stress through the autooxidation of glucose, protein glycation and lipid peroxidation; and as a consequence, structural and functional alterations occur in the lungs of diabetics, as well as other organs like the heart, brain, eyes and kidneys. There is growing, well-established evidence regarding such changes in diabetic lungs(Gulay et al.,2014). Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, contributing not only to the development, but also to the progression of diabetes and its related complications. The immunosuppressive and antioxidant effects of resveratrol in attenuating the increased oxidative stress due to responses of ÃŽ ²-cells to leukocyte activation have been implicated in the prevention of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Resveratrol affords advantageous effects by decreasing the oxidative injury and the recruitment of the nutritive precapillary arterioles in the context of disease states associated with insulin re sistance, such as metabolic syndrome, pre-diabetes, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Globally, more than 366 million individuals currently live with diabetes mellitus, with this figure expected to rise to 552 million by 2030 (Whiting et al., 2011). The World Health Organization estimates that around 1.1 million deaths occur per year as a result of the disease (World Health Organization, 2011). There are around 2.9 million individuals in England currently have diagnosed with diabetes, a currency of 4.5% (NHS The Information Centre, 2011). Projections for England estimate that by 2030 over 4.5 million people will be living with diabetes (APHO, 2011). The number of individuals that are living with diabetes means that if there was found to be an excess in mortality caused by the disease, this could result in a large number of premature deaths. The relation between diabetes and increased all-cause death, particularly from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and renal disease, is well recognized. C There is a limited amount of evidence relating to diabetes and respiratory disease mortality (Dawson et al., 2008;De Marco et al., 1999andMurugan and Sharma, 2008).Current evidence suggests a biological link between inflammation, reduced levels of adiponectin within the body and the development of diabetes and respiratory disease (Sevenoaks Stockley, 2006). De Marco et al. concluded that these may be caused by differences in the severity of diabetes or differing in national treatment cultures (De Marco et al., 1999). Therefore, research is required that further explores the relation between diabetes and mortality from cancer and respiratory disease. Current research indicates that, for mortality from a number of causes, it may be diabetes-related comorbidities that increase an individuals risk of death rather than the diabetes itself. ( Mohammadi et al., 2007) Morbidity and mortality of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is closely related to development of cardiovascular disease (Haffner et al.,1998). Although the manifestations and complications of diabetes mellitus have been extensively studied, the knowledge regarding the effects of diabetes on bone mineral metabolism is still limited and inconsistent. Since Albright and Reifenstein(Anwar et al.,2008)first reported the occurrence of osteoporosis in patients with poorly controlled diabetes in 1948, many authors have attempted to describe alterations of bone mineralization in diabetic subjects by using various techniques and biochemical markers(Asbun and Villareal,2006). The types of diabetes caused by other conditions or found in increased frequency with other conditions (imply an etiologie relationship) be considered a third subclass of diabetes mellitus that is the diabetes that associated with certain conditions and syndromes. This subclass has been divided according to the known or suspected etiologie relationships.The class gestational diabetes has been restricted to women in whom glucose intolerance develops or is discovered during pregnancy (National Diabetes Data Group,1979).

Surrogates the Movie

Surrogates: â€Å"Look at yourselves, unplug from your chairs, get up, and look in the mirror what you see is how God made you we’re not meant to experience life through a machine. † This seems to be the moral of this movie in the year 2017 and takes place in Boston, MA. Bruce Willis plays an FBI detective named Tom Greer working on a very mysterious murder of a young man who is the son of a prominent inventor. A news style montage opens the movie and provides you with the fundamental basis for the movie. The viewer learns that the technology of Surrogates took 14 years to develop into the everyday application as it would be depicted in the film. The surrogate project started as a way to help the disabled experience life in a way that would not be possible and soon was taken over by military application to use these surrogates and warriors in the battlefield to preserve human life. It was the Military application that set up mass production of surrogates and this made surrogates affordable to the average consumer. Near the end of the 14 year montage it is established that 98% of the entire world has a surrogate and is using them for their everyday life so the user can remain at home in safety and never needs to risk the danger or inconvenience of leaving home. There is a group of people however that are in strict opposition to the new surrogate way of life. This group is called the Human Coalition and they live in Dread Reservations which are located within major cities all over the world. These reservations are considered surrogate free zones and are completely sovereign. This group of people does not tolerate any type of surrogate technology and preach the experience of the human condition as the truth. This seems to be a cut and dry good vs. vil movie at first and the two sides clearly established but as the movie moves along the lines become blurred and the twists are pronounced. Tom Greer and his partner are called to the scene of a seemingly normal vehicle accident late in the evening only to discover fairly quickly that this is not just an accident scene it’s a murder. While at the scene of the accident only surrogates are present and it is assumed the operators of the surrogates remain at their homes unharmed, but after furt her investigation by Tom the operators are dead in their operator chairs. Highly unusual because there haven’t been any murders in Boston for so long the Agents do not remember the last one. And this starts the investigation into the would be conspiracy that is the plot of the movie. The inventor of surrogates is a man named Dr. Lionel Canter, who was the target of the murder but instead of killing him the murder a Human Coalition member Miles Strickland killed his son who was borrowing his father’s surrogate. Tom is convinced that the Human Coalition is responsible for the murder and takes his surrogate into the sovereign territory in Boston where his surrogate is destroyed. Tom is now forced to abandon the surrogate and continue the investigation in the flesh. This is a shocking experience for him but eventually causes him to remember the human condition and experience. No matter the difficulty he experiences as a result of the sensory overload he continues the investigation. Next Tom discovers that the military had developed the weapon that would overload many surrogates with a single shot but an accidental byproduct of this weapon was that it actually killed the operator. The Military officials ordered that all if the weapons be destroyed and somehow one slipped through the cracks and was not destroyed and fell into the hands of manufacturer of the surrogates. The manufacturer VCI is proclaimed as one of the largest companies in the world and is a very powerful corporation. It was originally founded by Dr. Canter but due to differences in philosophy he was removed as President of the company but remained a beneficiary of the profits from the sale of surrogates. The excitement builds as Tom pursues the investigation and gets closer to figuring out the conspiracy. So far he has learned that a Human Coalition member murdered the son of a Dr Canter and that the target was actually Dr Canter himself but because his son used a surrogate belonging to Dr Canter the murderer thought that he was killing him but accidentally killed his son. The military in cooperation with VCI developed a weapon that would overload surrogates and shut them down in an effort to quickly win battles without casualties. A major problem was discovered with the weapon during its initial tests and it had unintentionally killed the operators of the surrogates. The weapon was ordered to be destroyed and of the 5 that were created only 4 were actually destroyed and one remained. The military did not know who had the remaining weapon but an assumption must be made that VCI had the weapon and somehow it had fallen in to the hands of the Human Coalition who were bent on the murder of Dr Canter for creating this new society that is an abomination. Tom reveals to the military that when he was in the Human Coalitions Boston reservation he knew the weapon was there and in the hands of their leader Zaire Powell. His attempt to convince the world that the surrogates are evil seems to be failing up to now. He now has the power to shut down every single surrogate all over the world but this action would result in the death of billions of people. The Military tells Tom to stand down and that they would take over the recovery of the weapon. Tom is drawn back in when his partner is killed and her surrogate is being used to gain access to the FBI surrogate control center. He discovers that Zaire Powell is actually a surrogate being controlled by Dr. Canter. This discovery takes Tom to Dr Canters home that is protected by surrogate guards that he must take down to reach Dr Canter in time. Canter had taken control of his partners surrogate and was in the headquarters of the FBI where he can access every surrogate at one time and use the weapon to download the overload virus killing every operator connected to their surrogate. When Tom reaches Dr Canter has already begun downloading the virus. Tom confronts Dr Canter and tries to convince him that killing this many people is not the way to accomplish his goal but it’s too late and in order to prevent Tom from stopping him Dr Canter takes a cyanide pill killing himself. Tom has no choice but to take over the surrogate of his partner and try to stop the virus from taking hold and killing billions of people. With the help of the programmer at the FBI surrogate control center he is able to isolate the operators from the virus. He then has to stop the isolate the surrogates themselves from the virus but in a last minute decision decides to allow the virus to shut down all the surrogates. He had saved the lives of many people but after having experiencing the human condition again decided that everyone should have that same experience again. This movie is full of twists and changes that are hard to follow. Overall, I don’t find this movie to be a great movie. The concepts could have been developed better and the twists should have been made with more information. The twists came without warning which is good for a twist but there was no information used to explain the twists in a way that would make it believable. I have learned that this movie was first a book and it is common that the themes in a book are not completely developed when it is turned in to a movie, however the concepts could have been portrayed and explained better. I did enjoy the idea of unplugging sometimes and to experience life outside of our home and disconnect from the internet and television. There are experiences our modern technology allows us to not have and in some cases this is not always a good thing. As a child I took a vacation to Yellowstone National Park and my children have not been able to experience this yet except for on the internet. They are not excited about making this trip because they believe they have experienced this park on the internet but as many adults know it is just not the same. I am concerned that as our children develop with more access to technology they will lose touch with the human experience so any movie, book, music, or other medium that express or shows the importance of the actual physical human experience is a great thing. I would recommend this movie to anyone for this purpose and I might also suggest that in order to fully understand this movie itself that it be watched two or three times. Watch it, enjoy it but most of all experience it.

Life After The Bloody Chamber Essay Topics

Life After The Bloody Chamber Essay Topics She doesn't take it as it pricks. At exactly the same time, he or she's condemned to never dwell in either state. This is among the best approaches to conserve money on home improvement projects. The Benefits of the Bloody Chamber Essay Topics Hamlet's mother doesn't understand what to believe at this time. The second region of the story examines the set-up of Little Red Riding Hood again. Carter's women are far more dynamic and resourceful. Carter seems to be excessively interested in violent instincts because she wished to learn more about the human nature. He expresses many aspects of the gothic genre in her short story The Snow Child'. What to Do About the Bloody Chamber Essay Topics Your vet can suggest the most reputable pet medical care insurance businesses. Have a veterinarian or professional friend demonstrate how to find the quick. The son doesn't understand his father's behavior initially and consequently, he could n't accept it as much as his mother. The Debate Over the Bloody Chamber Essay Topics The girl inside this tale is a character plenty of readers could relate to even though she's perhaps a small unorthodox. To conclude Carter has the capability to extract the latent content' from Bluebeard by studying the origins of the story and a few of the archetypes and motifs that show up in the story. They've all received critical acclaim and continue being firm favourites of contemporary English literature. the Bloody Chamber Essay Topics - Dead or Alive? While the writing is crystal clear and easy, which makes it highly acceptable for younger students, it can be a bit plodding on occasion. They both show a level of bravery that may be regarded as a postmodern feminist thought. From my experience all of them are basically the exact same. Childcare is also quite a marketable skill. And, obviously, the lowly Cinderella triumphs. the Bloody Chamber Essay Topics Help! You have to refe r to texts we've studied on this module. Browsing our essay writing samples can offer you a good idea whether the standard of our essays is the quality you're looking for. This means most of your secondary sources ought to be concentrated on the author or employment within this course you're deciding to write about. Reading example essays works the exact same way! What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About the Bloody Chamber Essay Topics As a last note, it might be worth stating that the majority of these stories view love as a means to a finish. He additionally announced that Lupercalia would be published in May 2011. He's got the very best advice for you on several problems. This isn't an instance of the work generated by our Essay Writing Service. the Bloody Chamber Essay Topics - What Is It? The colour imagery of the red rubies doesn't only symbolise danger, but may be related to sensuality. Otherwise, the bloody chamber might be a reference to the womb seat of life, but in addition a frequent supply of death. We've got all started our literary journey with a few of these timeless gems. The story demonstrates the way the passage from girlhood to motherhood is a trying stage that should be given strong consideration. I've shown how the rubies within this story are polysemic. It is the only thing that may spell the difference between a good day and a bad one. You're passionate about teaching yoga and you wish to reach committed couch potatoes. You need to have all pieces of the test under control before you demonstrate your skills in their entire entirety. It won't be any different than every other blood test you've received. He sounds somewhat anxious. In this section of the test you're going to be requested to demonstrate the practical qualities a nursing assistant must have. Moreover it represents the conclusion of Macbeth. In 3 years Mary executed a mean of 2 people each week. After the son describes the father at the start of the story, we see nothing admirable regarding the guy. It will be published on 25 September. In the long run, not even Harker's respect because of his wife Mina is equipped to save him. You have to find the right set up for your house and get it installed. The kid and the grandmother wouldn't have the very same opinions of sex or of religion. Whereas in the prior story the youngster's competence is a product of a challenging life in which survival skills are learnt by necessity, the child within this story has quite different roots. Life, Death and the Bloody Chamber Essay Topics On the flip side, setting foot into the secret chamber also signifies the comprehensive insight within her precarious circumstance. Knowing so, it is simple to see why lots of folks depend on air conditioning. The reverberations of his purring rocked the foundations of the home, the walls started to dance. The exaggerated temperament of the setting is further supported through using jargon, atopograph ical quirk in the neighborhood strata whereby there aren't any roads leading from the Manor. Macbeth is attempting to discover the best approach to kill Duncan. Macbeth is attempting to deny that he's seeing the dagger. The Honest to Goodness Truth on the Bloody Chamber Essay Topics Let's look at the initial one, deficiency of interest. Indeed the entire story up until the point at which she goes to the forbidden room is just one of subjugation. As the people don't have feelings, it's a revealing role reversal from human to animal, as animals don't have feelings. the Bloody Chamber Essay Topics - Dead or Alive? Whereas this would have been quite shocking and totally unacceptable to the readers of the moment, a modern audience may argue this link between sex and violence is just a fetish, as a result of increasing exposure to and access to pornography in media, online, etc.. You may read it for free internet. If you are searching for assistance with your essay then we prov ide a comprehensive writing service given by fully qualified academics in your area of study. To discover more about this book, head over to their website by click on this link. Life After the Bloody Chamber Essay Topics It's the impulsive and unconscious portion of the human psyche, and isn't affected by reality or logic. You have to refer to texts we've studied on the module. Their relationship is a bit chilly. They are, in addition, a method of social criticism. Carter's writing techniques vary between a scarcity of description, including the consummation of the principal characters' marriage, and lots of description, like the imagery of the ruby choker'.

Market Research Plan - 3546 Words

Lodgepole Creek Certified Organic Foods Market Research Plan For Dr. Bensen Prepared by: Stephanie Disney 1 Executive Summary of research and findings Lodgepole Creek Certifies Organic Foods would like to know who they should be marketing to, in order to receive the best results for their companys success. They would also like to know how to best appeal to this marketing mix to gain their loyalty and to compete within the market. Three research objectives are identified: who should Lodgepole Creeks marketing mix consist of; research should be done to see how Lodgepole Creek can gain their loyalty. Researching and understanding what consumers want from organic sprouting companies will†¦show more content†¦Lodgepole Creek Certified Organic Foods was founded in 1999. LC is committed to a healthier way of eating, one sprout at a time. LC grows and harvests a wide variety of products at their most nutritious stage; sprouts. Lodgepole Creek does not have a lot of competition. 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Garden Supplies so that all aspects of the business can be analysed through collecting invaluable information and data by the research methods below. Our aim is to identify the cause of the problem so that future marketing can be targeted accordingly for positive lucrative results. With knowledge and understanding together we can create a successful future for D.A Garden suppliesRead More1.Market Research And Its Use In A Marketing Plan. . Market1766 Words   |  8 Pages1.Market Research and its use in a marketing plan.; Market research is the process of collecting valuable information through researching the market or a customer. Seeking to find if there is a market for a proposed product or a service. This process is necessary to make profitable and informed decisions. 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They are made of flesh and emotion. That they are made possible by people† (10 Quotes from Starbucks Executives, 2010, para. 6). Starbucks’ beliefs in customer service, community solitude, and a strong business core stretch far behind just a belief in a quality caffeinated product. â€Å"We make sure everything we do honors that connection – from ourRead MoreMarket Research Implementation Plan: Problem Identification and Project Outline1548 Words   |  7 PagesMarket Research Implementation Plan: Problem Identification and Project Outline From humble beginnings in 1901 to current day, Harley-Davidson strives to build and provide not only a mode of transportation but also a lifestyle. According to Harley-Davidson (2001-2011), the company mission reads â€Å"We ride with our customers and apply this deep connection in every market we serve to create superior value for all of our stakeholders† (Company, para. 2). 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Research team will strive to answer below questions by gathering and analysing customer data